Chekhov () is a town and the administrative center of Chekhovsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 56,000 (1985).
It was previously known as Lopasnya (until 1954).C.D. Merriman. "Anton Chekhov (1860-1904)". Jalic, Inc. http://www.online-literature.com/anton_chekhov/ Retrieved August 28, 2014.
Geography The city of Chekhov is located south of the capital, 50 kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road along the highway. The city is connected to Moscow by the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway, the Simferopol highway, and the Crimea highway nearby. Chekhov railway station is located on the 75th kilometer of the railway (0 kilometer — Kursky railway station). Most of the city is located on the left bank of the Lopasni River and west of the railway line. The city stretches from north to south for 5 km. The area of the city is 23 km2.
The climate is temperate continental with moderately cold winters and warm, humid summers. The frequent passage of cyclones from the Atlantic and sometimes from the Mediterranean causes an increase in clouds. The average January temperature is about -9 °C, the average July temperature is about +18 °C. The average frost—free period is about 200 days. The soils are predominantly alluvial, grey and woody.
History In ancient times, the Oka and its tributaries Nara, Protva, Lopasnya and other rivers that have survived to the present day appeared on the Priok plain as a result of the melting of a powerful glacier that descended from the north. These lands were inhabited by the first people of the Neolithic era, who left stone tools, axes, knives, spears. From the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD, settlements of patriarchal tribal communities developed here, which already knew fire and even created primitive clay products. In the second half of the 10th century, Vyatichi began to settle along the banks of the Oka River. The remains of these ancient Slavic villages were found in different places of the Lopasny region at the confluence of the Terebenki River with Lopasnya, near the village of Solnyshkov, in Spas-Temna, Stary Spas, Talezh.
In 1175, after bloody battles for the right of ownership of the Vladimir-Suzdal lands, the victory went to the brothers Mikhail and Vsevolod Bolshoe Gnezdo. During military campaigns and battles, their wives took refuge under the protection of Grand Duke Svyatoslav of Chernigov. "... And then Svyatoslav, the ambassador of their wives, Mikhalkova and Vsevolozha, having assigned his son Oleg to them, I will escort them to Moscow. Oleg returned to his parish of Lopasna...". So for the first time the name of the city appears in the chronicle.
And in the future, the story of Lopasni is a story of endless wars, destruction, and captivity. In 1246, after the death of Prince Mikhail of Chernigov in the Horde, his Chernigov principality split into appanages, and Lopasnya became part of the newly formed Tarussian Principality.
At the beginning of the 14th century, Lopasna was sold by the Tarussian princes to Metropolitan Peter. The "collector of Russian lands" Ivan Kalita appreciated the city of Lopasnya and wrote it off in his spiritual testament to his son Andrey. Then Lopasna was exchanged by Moscow from the Serpukhov princes in order to give it to Ryazan in exchange for the "Ryazan places" along the Protva River. In 1371, Moscow captured Lopasna, and in the 1380s it was forced to return it to Ryazan.
In 1572, the Battle of Molodinsk took place north of modern Chekhov near the village of Molodi, which ended in a major victory over the numerically superior forces of the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray. The Battle of Molodinsk ended Russia's three-year struggle against the Turkish-Crimean invasion.
Lopasnya and Pushkin
A special place in the history of Lopasnya is occupied by everything connected with the name of Pushkin, after whose death his wife Natalia Nikolaevna often visited the Vasilchikov estate "Lopasnya-Zachatievskoye" with her children. Her family lived in this estate at the beginning of the 20th century; some of the poet's descendants were buried (or reburied) there. In 1917, a manuscript of the History of Peter was discovered in the manor house.
Natalia Nikolaevna's second husband, Peter Lansky, was a close relative of Vasilchikov. Three of Lansky's sisters lived in Lopasna: Maria (she was married to General Nikolai Ivanovich Vasilchikov), Elizabeth and Natalia. Sofia Alexandrovna Pushkina grew up with the Vasilchikov children. After her death in 1875, the nine Pushkin children were also raised in the Vasilchikov household. Alexander Alexandrovich, the eldest son of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, a participant in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, also lived in Lopasna for a long time. Alexander Pushkin's eldest daughter Maria Alexandrovna was also very fond of visiting Lopasna.
Next to the Church of the Conception of St. Anna is the Pushkin family necropolis. Alexander Sergeevich's descendants rest in it: his eldest son A. A. Pushkin, the grandchildren of G. A. and S. A. Pushkin, the great-granddaughter of the poet through the female line of S. P. Vorontsov-Velyaminov.
Modern name In 1954, the village of Lopasnya was transformed into a city of regional subordination of the Czechs.СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик на 1 января 1980 года / Сост. В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — Москва: Известия, 1980. — 702 с. — С. 174. It was named after Anton Chekhov, a Russian writer of the 19th and 20th centuries. (the Melikhovo estate, where Chekhov lived and worked, is located near the city).
In 1965, the working village of Venyukovo was incorporated into Chekhov. In 1994-2004, Chekhov was also the center of the Chepelevsky rural district.
Chekhov urban settlement
During the implementation of the Federal Law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation", municipalities were established in the Moscow Region. In 2005, the law of the Moscow Region "On the Status and Borders of the Chekhov Municipal District and the newly Formed Municipalities within it" was adopted. In particular, the municipal formation "urban settlement of Chekhov" was formed, which included 1 settlement — the city of Chekhov.
Geographical data The area of the urban settlement is 2984 hectares.Первоначально, в 2005 году, Законом Московской области «О статусе и границах Чеховского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований» установлена площадь 1800 га. Законом от 15.07.2011 No. 129/2011-ОЗ были внесены изменения: 2984 га.
The municipality is located in the central part of the Chekhov municipal district, and borders:
with the rural settlement of Stremilovskoye (in the south, west and north),
with the rural settlement of Barantsevskoye (in the east).
Government agencies The structure of local self-government bodies in a municipality consists of:
Council of Deputies of the city of Chekhov The head of the city of Chekhov
The Council of Deputies is a representative body of local self—government. It consists of 20 deputies elected by citizens on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a period of 5 years. The chairman of the Council of Deputies is the Head of the city of Chekhov.
The mayor of Chekhov is elected by the citizens of the urban settlement in direct elections for a period of 5 years. The mayor heads the Council of Deputies of the city of Chekhov.
The head of Chekhov is Grigory Igorevich Artamonov.
Economy Chekhov district pays great attention to attracting investors to various sectors of the economy. One of the largest projects is the completion of the construction of the third stage of the FM logistics complex, which employs about 900 people; JSC Electroshield, expansion of the production activities of Danone Industria LLC, etc. In total, more than 1,500 new jobs have been opened.
In 2007, two new industrial enterprises were put into operation. These are the factory for the production of thermal insulation boards made of extruded polystyrene foam by CJSC Dau Chemical and the factory for the production of chocolate mass by the Swiss company Barry Callebout.
Several more investment projects are under implementation. New industrial facilities make a significant contribution to the district's budget, and new jobs are being created.
Preference in working with investors is given to environmentally friendly, high-tech industries.
The largest industrial enterprises in the city include:
Chekhov-Avto Group of Companies (the largest car seller in the region, sells cars and spare parts for them) (the company actually ceased to exist more than 15 years ago. The Karusel hypermarket was opened in the former Chekhov Auto building, which also ceased to exist in December 2024)
Metallotorg CJSC (metal warehouse in the Chekhov district, a branch of the largest metal rolling company in the European part of Russia)
OOO "CSI-I" Vostok (plastic caps for carbonated drinks and beer)
Danone-Industria LLC (dairy and fermented milk products)
Polyalt LLC (production of cellular polycarbonate)
Shattdekor LLC (manufacturer of decorative paper for the furniture industry)
Tut Tile LLC (production, laying and sale of paving slabs)
PNK-Group LLC (one of the largest warehouse terminals in the Russian Federation)
TSB Plus LLC (electricity in Chekhov)
Logopark YUG LLC (logistics warehouse complex, including warehouses of Lenta, Adidas, Abrau-Durso, Foreman, etc.)
PJSC Institute of Engineering Immunology (medical and veterinary drugs)
PJSC "Korma" (compound feed for cows, pigs, birds)
PJSC KVZ (Kryukovsky Fan Plant) (fans for general industrial and special purposes, traction machines)
PJSC "Lyubuchansky Plastics Plant" (production of plastic products)
PJSC "Magic Photo and Creative"
External Images
Candy bars produced in Soviet times
Chekhov Confectionery Factory PJSC (Chekhov Confectioner, confectionery production)
Chekhov Gidrostal Plant PJSC (metal structures for construction purposes, crane hydromechanical equipment)
Chekhov Printing Plant PJSC (publishing and printing activities, replication of recorded media) (at the moment, it has actually ceased to exist. The building complex belongs to the First Model Printing House. Most of the premises are rented out. The Chekhov Printing Yard enterprise was created on the basis of the CHPK, which constantly changes owners.)
PJSC "CRZ" (recycling and restoration of worn-out tires, regenerate, crushed rubber) (most of the territory is leased)
CJSC Energomash (Chekhov) — CHZEM (production of high-pressure pipe fittings and spare parts for it) (actually ceased to exist. The entire territory is rented out for go-karts, tennis, exhibitions, etc.)
In Chekhov, there are the largest retail chains of well-known companies such as LENTA, OKEY DA!, Auchan, Dixie, Perekrestok, Karusel, Pyaterochka, Tornado, Magnit, M.Video, Korablik, Sportmaster, Computer store Pilot, OZON online store, All tools.<url> networks of mobile phone shops Svyaznoy, MTS, Megafon, Beeline.
There are also branches of the largest banks in Russia.: VTB, Sberbank, Credit Bank of Moscow, Alfa Bank.
Transport
Chekhov railway station on the Moscow—Tula line (Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway), as well as on the Dedovsk— Chekhov, Tsaritsyno — Serpukhov, and Volokolamsk—Chekhov lines. The nearest station to which you can quickly transfer is the Tsaritsyno Zamoskvoretskaya line. The rolling stock is EP2D from the depots of Pererva and Nakhabino, as well as modified EP2D "REX".