List of infectious diseases

This is a list of infectious diseases arranged by name, along with the infectious agents that cause them, the vaccines that can prevent or cure them when they exist and their current status. Some on the list are vaccine-preventable diseases.

List Infectious agent Common name Diagnosis Treatment Vaccine(s)Acinetobacter baumanniiAcinetobacter infectionsCultureSupportive careActinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicusActinomycosisHistologic findingsPenicillin, doxycycline, and sulfonamidesAdenoviridaeAdenovirus infectionAntigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serologyMost infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment.Trypanosoma bruceiAfrican sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examinationFexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for T. b. gambiense. Suramin by injection is used for T. b. rhodesiense HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)Antibody test, p24 antigen test, PCRTreatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)Entamoeba histolyticaAmoebiasisMicroscopyThose with symptoms require treatment with an amoebicidal tissue-active agent and a luminal cysticidal agent. Individuals that are asymptomatic only need a luminal cysticidal agent.Anaplasma speciesAnaplasmosisindirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for IgGTetracycline drugs (including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) and imidocarbAngiostrongylusAngiostrongyliasisLumbar puncture, brain imaging, serologyAlbendazoleAnisakisAnisakiasisGastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examinationAlbendazoleBacillus anthracisAnthraxCulture, PCRLarge doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillinArcanobacterium haemolyticum Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infectionCulture in human blood agar plateserythromycin (proposed as the first-line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporinsJunin virusArgentine hemorrhagic feverAscaris lumbricoides AscariasisFecal smearAlbendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoateAspergillus speciesAspergillosisChest X-ray and CT, microscopy by silver stainsVoriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in combination with surgical debridementAstroviridae speciesAstrovirus infectionElectron microscopy, enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reactionSupportive careBabesia speciesBabesiosisGiemsa-stained thin-film blood smearAtovaquone and azithromycin. In life-threatening cases, exchange transfusion is performed.Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus infectionCultureVancomycinmultiple bacteriaBacterial meningitisLumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRIAntibioticsmultiple bacteriaBacterial pneumoniaSputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiographyAntibiotics List of bacterial vaginosis microbiotaBacterial vaginosisGram stain and whiff testMetronidazole or clindamycinBacteroides speciesBacteroides infection Balantidium coliBalantidiasismicroscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopyTetracycline, metronidazole or iodoquinolBartonellaBartonellosismicroscopy, serology, and PCRAntibioticsBaylisascaris species Baylisascaris infectionBK virusBK virus infectionPiedraia hortae Black piedraStain or cultureAntifungal shampoos such as pyrithione zinc, formaldehyde and salicylic acidBlastocystis speciesBlastocystosismicroscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimenLack of scientific study to support the efficacy of any particular treatmentBlastomyces dermatitidisBlastomycosisKOH prep, cytology, or histologyItraconazole or ketoconazole Machupo virusBolivian hemorrhagic feverClostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin. Botulism (and Infant botulism)Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) testsBotulism antitoxin and supportive care Sabiá virusBrazilian hemorrhagic feverBrucella species BrucellosisCultureTetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicinYersinia pestisBubonic plagueCultureAminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia speciesBurkholderia infectionMycobacterium ulceransBuruli ulcerreal-time PCRThe most widely used antibiotic regimen is once daily oral rifampicin plus twice daily oral clarithromycin. Caliciviridae speciesCalicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus)Campylobacter species CampylobacteriosisStool cultureErythromycin can be used in children, and tetracycline in adults. usually Candida albicans and other Candida speciesCandidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush)oral candidiasis, the person's mouth for white patches and irritation. vaginal candidiasis, vaginal itching or soreness, pain during sexual intercourseAntifungal medications Intestinal disease by Capillaria philippinensis, hepatic disease by Capillaria hepatica and pulmonary disease by Capillaria aerophilaCapillariasisStreptococcus mutans Dental cariesBartonella bacilliformisCarrion's diseasePeripheral blood smear with Giemsa stain, Columbia blood agar cultures, immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence, and PCRFluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) or chloramphenicol in adults and chloramphenicol plus beta-lactams in childrenBartonella henselaeCat-scratch diseasePolymerase chain reactionAzithromycin usually Group A Streptococcus and StaphylococcusCellulitishistory and physical examinationPenicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin or a first-generation cephalosporinTrypanosoma cruziChagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)Microscopic examination of fresh anticoagulated blood, or its buffy coat, for motile parasites; or by preparation of thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa.Benznidazole and nifurtimox (though benznidazole is the only drug available in most of Latin America)Haemophilus ducreyiChancroidClinical diagnosisThe CDC recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of azithromycin, a single IM dose (250 mg) of ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days.Varicella zoster virus (VZV)ChickenpoxThe diagnosis of chickenpox is primarily based on the signs and symptoms, with typical early symptoms followed by a characteristic rash.AciclovirAlphavirusChikungunyaLaboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or serological diagnosis.Supportive careChlamydia trachomatisChlamydiaNucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement amplification (SDA)azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin or ofloxacinChlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection (Taiwan acute respiratory agent or TWAR)Vibrio choleraeCholeraA rapid dipstick test is available.oral rehydration therapy (ORT)usually Fonsecaea pedrosoiChromoblastomycosismicroscopy (KOH scrapings)Itraconazole, an antifungal azole, is given orally, with or without flucytosine.Batrachochytrium dendrabatidisChytridiomycosisClonorchis sinensisClonorchiasisClostridioides difficileClostridioides difficile colitisColonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, cytotoxicity assay, toxin ELISAVancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouthCoccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasiiCoccidioidomycosisColorado tick fever virus (CTFV)Colorado tick fever (CTF)usually rhinoviruses and coronavirusesCommon cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)Based on symptomsSupportive careSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Coxsackie B virusCoxsackie B virus infectionEnterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture.There is no well-accepted treatment for the Coxsackie B group of viruses. PRNPCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcosisIndia ink of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)Intravenous Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine by mouthCryptosporidium speciesCryptosporidiosis usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasitesCutaneous larva migrans (CLM)Cyclospora cayetanensisCyclosporiasisTaenia soliumCysticercosis CytomegalovirusCytomegalovirus infectionBlood and urine tests, biopsyCidofovir, foscarnet, ganciclovir, valganciclovirDengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses Dengue feverClinical diagnosisTreatment depends on the symptoms. Green algae Desmodesmus armatusDesmodesmus infectionDientamoeba fragilis DientamoebiasisCorynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheriaLaboratory criteria Isolation of C. diphtheriae culture Histopathologic diagnosis

Toxin demonstration In vivo tests (guinea pig inoculation) In vitro test: Elek's gel precipitation test, PCR, ELISA, ICA

Clinical criteria URT illness with sore throat Low-grade fever