Sallaans (; Low Saxon: Sallaands) is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe.A. A. Weijnen, Nederlandse dialectkunde, 1958, p. 461, Kaart 36a - De noordoostelijke dialecten (online) In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.
A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen. Sallands is more influenced by the Hollandic dialects than Twents or Achterhoeks. This influence is known as the Hollandse expansie. For example, the word 'house' (Standard Dutch ) is hoes in Twents but huus in Sallaans. The Hollandic dialects of the 17th century still had not diphthongized to , and due to their prestigious status they triggered the shift from to .Henk Bloemhoff, Jurjen van der Kooi, Hermann Niebaum en Siemon Reker (red.), Handboek Nedersaksische Taal- en Letterkunde, Assen: Van GorcumH. Scholtmeijer (2006), Mörn! Taalgids Overijssel, Assen: In Boekvorm Uitgevers bv. (p.64-65)G.G. Kloeke (1927) De Hollandsche expansie in de zestiende en zeventiende eeuw en haar weerspiegeling in de hedendaagsche Nederlandsche dialecten: Proeve eener historisch-dialectgeographische synthese
Phonology Consonants + Consonants in the dialect of RaalteLabialAlveolarDorsalGlottalNasalStopvoicelessvoiced()FricativevoicelessvoicedTrillApproximant appears only as an allophone of before voiced consonants. // occurring before and after back-rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant []. After long close and close-mid vowels, surfaces as a diphthongization of the vowel, as in zoer . This also happens in compounds: veurkämer . It is also often dropped preconsonantally after .
Vowels + Raalte monophthongsFrontCentralBackunroundedroundedshortlongshortlongshortlong Close Close-mid Open-midOpen Unlike in Standard Dutch, the long close-mid monophthongs are actual monophthongs and not narrow closing diphthongs . They do not appear before whenever that consonant occurs before a vowel or at the end of a word, where the open-mid series occurs instead. The schwa is often dropped before , resulting in a syllabic nasal homorganic with the preceding consonant. This occurs after most consonants, including nasals themselves: piepen , slóffen , gieten , kieken , esprungen , lachen . The sequences and are treated the same, except for the fact that they do not assimilate to the place of articulation of the preceding consonant.
+Raalte diphthongsFrontBackCloseOpen
is realized as before vowels and in the word-final position.
Some examples Present tense Sallaans Dutch English Ik loop(e) Ik loop I walk Ie loopt / lopen Jij loopt You walk Hee/hi'j / Zie/zi'j lup(t) Hij / Zij loopt He / she walks Wie loopt / lopen Wij lopen We walk Jullie / Juulu / ieluu loopt / lopen Jullie lopen You walk (plural) Zie loopt / lopen Zij lopen They walk
Past tense Sallaans Dutch English Ik liepe Ik liep I walked Ie liep'n Jij liep You walked Hee / Zee liep Hij / Zij liep He / She walked Wuu-lu liep'n Wij liepen We walked Jullie / Juu-lu liep'n Jullie liepen You walked (plural) Zie liep'n Zij liepen They walked
Plurals and diminutives Sallaans Dutch English een komme een kom One bowl twee komm'n twee kommen Two bowls Sallaans Dutch English een kömmegie een kommetje one little bowl twee kömmegies twee kommetjes two little bowls
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links The Parable of the Prodigal Son in the Zwolle variety of Sallaans The same, from Deventer